Stresshormon ger kulmage visar salivprov

Stipendium på 25.000 kronor till Roland Rosmond, Göteborg.
Roland Rosmond, forskare på Sahlgrenska universitets-sjukhuset i Göteborg, tilldelas ett stipendium för klinisk forskning inom obesitas. Rosmonds forsk-ning har bidragit till att belysa en av fetmaforskningens mest intri-kata frågor; samspelet mellan stress, bukfetma och tillhörande riskfaktorer.

Risken att personer med övervikt drabbas av följd-sjukdomar såsom diabetes och hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar ökar dramatiskt om överskottsfettet är koncentrerat till magen. Rosmond har påvisat att orsaken till att fettet lokaliseras till buken ytterst beror på en specifik endokrin störning. Sambandet har påvisats genom mätningar i saliv.

    Människor som har denna störning får låga halter kortisol (en typ av stresshormon) i saliven. De har också andra symtom gemen-samt; hormonbrist, bukfetma, höga kolesterolhalter i blodet, högt blodtryck samt högt BMI (Body Mass Index). Störningen orsakar dessutom insulinresistens, vilket bidrar både till diabetes och hjärt-och kärlsjukdomar.

– Roland Rosmonds idéer om en kombination av psykosocial och genetisk forskning är mycket lovande. Det kan leda till viktiga genombrott vad gäller vår förstå-else av mekanismerna bakom de kardiovaskulära riskerna vid bukfetma, säger professor Lauren Lissner, ordförande för Svensk Förening för Obesitasforskning.

    Läkemedelsföretaget Roche i samarbete med SFO delade ut forskningsstipendiet på 25 000 kronor till Roland Rosmond under Svenska Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma i Göteborg.

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Moderate smoking causes decrease in insulin sensitivity in young men

   Moderate smoking causes a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity in young, otherwise fit Chinese men, according to findings from a study conducted at the National University of Singapore.

    At the Second Hong Kong Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors East Meets West sympo-sium, Dr. Stephen D. Wise reported on an ongoing study in which he and colleagues used the euglycaemic clamp technique to study young nondiabetic individu-als who were either nonsmokers or smoked less than a pack a day.

    Dr. Wise and colleagues compared eight smokers who consumed a mean of 15 cigarettes a day with eight nonsmokers. The subjects were matched for age (mean 23 years), body mass index (mean 22.6 kg/meters squared), and physical training levels. At baseline, all subjects’ plasma lipids were in the normal range, although smokers had relatively higher triglyceride levels. ”These were all young, lean and otherwise fit individuals...they all participate in fitness activities as part of their training for the National Service in Singapore,” Dr. Wise said in an interview with Reuters Health.

    Each individual was studied twice, receiving 12 IU of insulin subcutaneously after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours. Smokers continued to smoke and were permitted one cigarette within 1 hour of being clamped for up to 10 hours.

    In the smokers, the onset of insulin action was significantly slower, at a median of 40 minutes compared to 25 minutes in the nonsmokers. Smokers had a 37% lower maximum glucose infusion rate and a 26% lower total glucose infusion rate.

    ”This was despite a 23% higher exposure to insulin. There were no differences in the rate of absorption, suggesting that insulin clearance was lower in smokers and confirming relative insulin resistance,” Dr. Wise said. He speculated that this is likely to be due to an increase in vascular resistance that affects peripheral tissue perfusion.

    ”The metabolic consequences of smoking are profound, even in otherwise fit, healthy young Chinese men,” Dr. Wise’s group wrote in a meeting abstract. ”It would be reasonable to speculate that similar processes may affect hepatic insulin clearance, resulting in increased exposure to insulin in smoking subjects.”

Från Medical Reuters.